But it is the spirits industry that has been the most vocal about the risks the levies pose. Industry leaders and craft distillers say the taxes would decimate their export business, especially in growth markets like Germany and France, while risking retaliatory tariffs that would hit other kinds of alcohol.

Bars have been importing extra bottles to try to get ahead of a trade war, distilleries have been putting overseas expansion plans on ice, and industry leaders have been flocking to Brussels, Washington and Rome, where Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has become Mr. Trump’s bridge to Europe, to try to convince policymakers to help them avoid the looming pain of tariffs.

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