The move would also have significant implications for trans-Atlantic business because the agency plays a key role in an agreement concerning data privacy. Under the deal, companies can send personal information about Europeans to the United States despite stricter laws in the European Union protecting consumer privacy.

The report was the culmination of a multiyear effort to scrutinize a clearinghouse of information maintained by the F.B.I. about people who have been deemed known or suspected terrorists. At present, the watch list contains records about roughly 1.1 million people, most of whom are foreigners; about 6,000 of them are Americans, the report said.

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